The County of Luxembourg is an historic region of Luxembourg and part of the Roman Province of Germania Inferior.

After the invasion of Germanic tribes from the East, Luxembourg becomes part of the Francian Empire, and later, Middle Francia.

The City of Luxembourg begins as a castle, built in 963 by Siegfried of Luxembourg of the Ardennes-Verdun dynasty, whose brothers become early Dukes of Lorraine.

By 1060, the fortress has been extended and has become a county.

The House of Luxembourg, a cadet branch of the Dukes of Limburg, becomes one of the most important political forces of the 14th century, contending with the House of Habsburg for supremacy in Central Europe.