The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) are an Indo-European people living in the Western Iberian Peninsula long before it becomes the Roman province of Lusitania (modern Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca ).

They speak the Lusitanian language, and are either of Celtic origin or else became Celticized over time.

The modern Portuguese people see the Lusitanians living in the western Iberian peninsula as their ancestors.

The most notable Lusitanian was Viriathus.