The Khanate of Khiva is the name of an Uzbek state that exists in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Persian occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740–1746.

The Khans are the patrilineal descendants of Shayban (Shiban), the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan.

Centered in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in Khiva City, the country is ruled by the Kungrads, a Turkic tribe of Mongolian origin that had come from Astrakhan.

It covers present western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before Russian arrival at second half of the nineteenth century.In 1873, the Khanate of Khiva is much reduced in size and becomes a Russian protectorate.

Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva has a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate is replaced by the Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic.

In 1924, the area is formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today is largely a part of Karakalpakstan and Xorazm Province in Uzbekistan.