The Jumano people are a prominent indigenous tribe or several tribes, who inhabit a large area of western Texas, adjacent New Mexico, and northern Mexico, especially near the La Junta de los Rios region with its large settled Indian population.

Spanish explorers first record encounters with the Jumano in 1581; later expeditions note them in a broad area of the Southwest and the Great Plains.

The last historic reference is in a nineteenth-century oral history but their population declines by the early eighteenth century.

Scholars have generally argued that the Jumano disappeared as a distinct people by 1750 due to infectious disease, the slave trade, and warfare, with remnants absorbed by the Apache or Comanche.

But as of 2008, self-identified Apache-Jumano (Jumano Ndé - “Red Mud Painted People”) in southwest Texas, an amalgam of mostly Jumano, but also Comanche and Apachean groups (with close ties to Mescalero Apache and Lipan Apache) currently have three hundred members with up to three thousand more claimed.

They hope to be recognized as an official tribe.