The Landgraviate of Hesse is a Principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

It existsas a unity from 1264 to 1567, when it is divided between the sons of late Landgrave Philip I.

From 1308 to 1311 and again from 1458 the landgraviate is divided into Upper Hesse and Lower Hesse until its reunification under Landgrave William II in 1500.