The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom is the kingdom that rules Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757.

The kingdom grows out of a rebellion by the Mon people, who at this time form the majority in Lower Burma, against the Burman Toungoo Dynasty of Ava in Upper Burma.

The rebellion succeeds in restoring the fallen Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy, which rules Lower Burma from 1287 to 1539.

Supported by the French, the upstart kingdom quickly carves out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continues its push northward.

In March 1752, its forces capture Ava, and ended the two hundrred and sixty-six-year-old Toungoo dynasty.

A new dynasty called Konbaung, led by King Alaungpaya, rises in Upper Burma to challenge the southern forces, and goes on to conquer all of Upper Burma by December 1753.

After Hanthawaddy's invasion of Upper Burma fails in 1754, the kingdom begins to collapse.

Its leadership, in self-defeating measures, kills off the Toungoo royal family and persecutes ethnic Burmans in the south, both of which only strengthen Alaungpaya's hand.

Alaungpaya invades Lower Burma in 1755.

Konbaung forces capture the Irrawaddy delta in May 1755, the French-defended port of Thanlyin in July 1756, and finally the capital Pegu in May 1757.

The fall of Restored Hanthawaddy is the beginning of the end of Mon people's centuries-old dominance of Lower Burma.

Konbaung armies' reprisals force thousands of Mons to flee to Siam.

By the early nineteenth century, assimilation, inter-marriage, and mass migration of Burman families from the north has reduced the Mon population to a small minority.