The Gandhara grave (or Swāt) culture emerges ca.

1600 BCE, and flourishes in Gandhara, Pakistan ca.

1500 BCE to 500 BCE (i.e.

possibly up to the time of Pāṇini).Relevant finds, artifacts found primarily in graves, are distributed along the banks of the Swat and Dir rivers in the north, Taxila in the southeast, along the Gomal River to the south.

The pottery finds show clear links with contemporary finds from southern Central Asia (BMAC) and the Iranian Plateau.Simply made terracotta figurines were buried with the pottery, and other items are decorated with simple dot designs.

Horse remains were found in at least one burial.