Galatia is the name of a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central Turkey).

It is established by the first emperor, Augustus (sole rule 30 BCE - CE 14), in 25 BCE, covering most of formerly independent Celtic Galatia, with its capital at Ancyra.Under the reforms of Diocletian, its northern and southern parts are split off to form the southern part of the province of Paphlagonia and the province of Lycaonia, respectively.

In ca.

398, during the reign of Arcadius, it is divided in two provinces, Galatia Prima and Galatia Secunda or Salutaris.

Galatia Prima covers the northeastern part of the old province, retaining Ancyra as its capital, and is headed by a consularis, while Salutaris comprises the southwestern half of the old province, and is headed by a praeses with seat at Pessinus.

Both provinces are part of the Diocese of Pontus.

The two provinces are briefly reunited in 536-548 under Justinian I.

Although the area is eventually incorporated in the new thema of Anatolikon in the latter half of the 7th century, traces of the old provincial administration survive until the early 8th century.