The Duchy of Franconia is one of the stem-duchies of medieval Germany.

It stretches along the valley of the Main from the Rhine to Bohemia, and is bordered on the north by Saxony and Thuringia, and on the south by Swabia and Bavaria.

It includes a district around Mainz, Speyer and Worms, on the left bank of the Rhine.

The word Franconia, first used in a Latin charter of 1053, is applied like the words France, Francia and Franken, to a portion of the land occupied by the Franks.