The Fifth Monarchists or Fifth Monarchy Men are active from 1649 to 1661 during the Interregnum, following the English Civil Wars of the 17th century.

They take their name from a prophecy in the Book of Daniel that four ancient monarchies (Assyrian, Persian, Macedonian, and Roman) would precede Christ's return.

They also refer to the year 1666 and its relationship to the biblical Number of the Beast indicating the end of earthly rule by carnal human beings.

They are one of a number of nonconformist dissenting groups that emerge around this time.