The Zagwe dynasty is an historical kingdom in present-day Ethiopia.

It rules large parts of the territory from approximately 900 to 1270, when the last Zagwe King Za-Ilmaknun is killed in battle by the forces of Yekuno Amlak.

The name of the dynasty is thought to come from the Ge'ez phrase Ze-Agaw, meaning "Dynasty of the Agaw" in reference to the Agaw people who constitute its ruling class.

Zagwe's best-known King is Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, who is credited with having constructed the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela.David Buxton has stated that the area under the direct rule of the Zagwe kings "probably embraced the highlands of modern Eritrea and the whole of Tigrai, extending southwards to Waag, Lasta and Damot (Wallo province) and thence westwards towards Lake Tana (Beghemdir)."

Unlike the practice of later rulers of Ethiopia, Taddesse Tamrat argues that under the Zagwe dynasty the order of succession was that of brother succeeding brother as king, based on the Agaw laws of inheritance.

(David Buxon, The Abyssinians (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 44)