The Governorate of Estonia or Duchy of Estonia, also known as the Government of Estonia, is a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.

It borders the Livonian Governorate to the south.

The Governorate is gained by the Russian Empire from Sweden during the Great Northern War in 1721.

The Russian Tsars hold the title Duke of Estonia during the Imperial Russian era in English sometimes also referred to as Prince of Estonia.

Until the late nineteenth century the governorate is administered independently by the local Baltic German nobility through a feudal Regional Council (German: Landtag).