The Erlitou culture is a name given by archaeologists to an Early Bronze Age urban society that existed in China from 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE.

The culture was named after the site discovered at Erlitou in Yanshi, Henan Province.

The culture was widely spread throughout Henan and Shanxi Province, and later appeared in Shaanxi and Hubei Province.

Most Chinese archaeologists identify the Erlitou culture as the site of the Xia Dynasty.