During the initial Islamic invasion in 639, Egypt iss ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Righteous Caliphs, and then the Ummayad Caliphs in Damascus but, in 747, the Ummayads are overthrown.

In 1174, Egypt comes under the rule of Ayyubids, which lasts until 1252.The Ayyubids are overthrown by their bodyguards, known as the Mamluks, who rule under the suzerainty of Abbasid Caliphs until 1517, when Egypt becomes part of the Ottoman Empire.