The County of Edessa is one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around the town of Edessa.In the late Byzantine period, Edessa becomes the center of intellectual life within the Syriac Orthodox Church.

As such it also becomes the center for the translation of Ancient Greek philosophy into Syriac, which provides a stepping stone for the subsequent translations into Arabic.

When the Crusades arrive, it is still important enough to tempt a side-expedition after the Siege of Antioch.

Baldwin of Boulogne, the first Count of Edessa, becomes King of Jerusalem, and subsequent Counts are his cousins.

Unlike the other Crusader states, the County is landlocked.

It is remote from the other states and is not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the Principality of Antioch.

Half of the county, including its capital, is located east of the Euphrates, far to the east, rendering it particularly vulnerable.

The west part of the Euphrates is controlled from the stronghold of Turbessel.

The eastern border of Edessa is the Tigris, but the County may not have extended quite that far.The Siege of Edessa in 1144 is the first major setback for Outremer and provokes the Second Crusade.

All the later Crusades, however, are troubled by strategic uncertainties and disagreements.

The Second Crusade does not even try to recover Edessa, calculating it to be strategically better to take Damascus, but the campaign fails and Edessa is lost for the Christians.

Today, the city is called Şanlıurfa and is part of modern-day Turkey; it retains nothing of its former importance.

The Oriental Orthodox community largely disappears after the Armenian Genocide during World War I.