The Theme of Cyprus (Greek: thema Kyprou) is an East Roman (Byzantine) military-civilian province, located in the island of Cyprus, established in the 960s after the reconquest of Cyprus by the Byzantine navy.

Prior to this the island had been a Byzantine-Arab condominium for three centuries, except occasional short periods where it was occupied by either power.

A rebellion by governor Theophilos Erotikos in 1042, and another in 1092 by Rhapsomates, fail as they are quickly subdued by imperial forces.

At the end of the twelftth century there are again separatist tendencies in Cyprus: Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus proclaims himself as "basileus" (emperor) in 1185.

Cyprus remains under his command until its conquest from Richard I of England in 1191.