Crete remains a part of the Roman Empire, usually referred to as the Byzantine Empire after 600.

Crete is subjected to a raid by Slavs in 623, Arab raids in 654 and the 670s, and again in the eighth century.

Circa 732, the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian transfers the island from the jurisdiction of the Pope to that of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

In the 820s Crete is captured by Andalusian Muladis led by Abu Hafs, who establishes the Emirate of Crete.