The Duchy of Cleves is a State of the Holy Roman Empire that emerges from the mediaeval Duisburggau.

It is situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west.

Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbors: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg, as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark.

The Duchy is archaically known as Cleveland in English.The duchy's territory roughly covers the present-day German districts of Cleves (northern part), Wesel and the city of Duisburg, as well as adjacent parts of the Limburg, North Brabant and Gelderland provinces in the Netherlands.