The Chera dynasty, ruling from before the Sangam Age (3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE) until the 12th century CE, is one of the most ancient ruling dynasties in India.

Together with the Cholas and the Pandyas, they form the three principle warring Iron Age Tamil kingdoms in India in the early centuries of the Christian Era.During the time of Mauryas in northern India (c. 4th-3rd century BCE) the Cheras (along with the Pandyas and the Cholas) are in a late megalithic phase on the western coast of ancient Tamil land.

The cultural exchange with northern India and the flourishing trade with the Roman empire later contribute to the state formation.

The Cheras probably expand their kingdom from Kuttanad region (central Kerala) to northward (Kudanad, Puzhinadu) and eastward (Kongunad).The Cheras are in continues conflict with neighboring Cholas and Pandyas.

Some Chera rules are said to have defeated the combined armies of the Pandyas and the Cholas and their ally states.

They also battle with the Kadambas of Banavasi and the "Yavanas" (Romans) on the Indian coast.