The Real Audiencia of Charcas (Spanish: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de La Plata de los Charcas) is a Spanish audiencia with its seat in what is today Bolivia.

It is established in 1559 in Ciudad de la Plata de Nuevo Toledo (later Charcas, today Sucre) and has jurisdiction over Charcas, Paraguay and the Governorate of the Río de la Plata, today Uruguay and northern Argentina.

This court oversees the incredible silver output of the mines at Potosí.

It is part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776, when it is transferred to the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and begins to be referred to as Upper Peru.