The Province of Carolina is an English and later a British colony of North America.

Carolina is founded in what is modern-day North Carolina.

Carolina expands south and, at its greatest extent, nominally includes the modern states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and Mississippi, and parts of modern Florida and Louisiana.

Sir Robert Heath, attorney-general of King Charles I of England, is granted the Cape Fear region of America, incorporated as the Province of Carolina, in 1629.

The charter is unrealized and ruled invalid, and a new charter is issued to a group of eight English noblemen, the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663.

Charles II grants the land to the eight Lords Proprietors in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to the throne in 1660.

Charles II intends for the newly created province to serve as an English bulwark to contest lands claimed by Spanish Florida and prevent their northward expansion.

Led informally by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, the Province of Carolina is controlled from 1663 to 1729 by these lords and their heirs.

In 1691, dissent over the governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of Carolina.

The division between the northern and southern governments becomes complete in 1712, but both colonies remain in the hands of the same group of proprietors.

A rebellion against the proprietors breaks out in 1719, which leads to the appointment of a royal governor for South Carolina in 1720.

After nearly a decade in which the British government seeks to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina become royal colonies in 1729.