The Carbonari ("charcoal burners") are groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th-century Italy.

The Italian Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in Spain, France, Portugal and possibly Russia.

Although their goals often have a patriotic and liberal focus, they lack a clear political agenda.

They are a focus for those unhappy with the political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian Peninsula.

Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them, take part in important events in the process of Italian unification (often referred to as the Risorgimento), especially the Revolution of 1820, and in the further development of Italian nationalism.In the north of Italy other groups, such as the Adelfia and the Filadelfia, are more important.