Cappadocia is a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea.

It is established in CE 17 by the Emperor Tiberius (ruled 14-37), following the death of Cappadocia's last king, Archelaus.Cappadocia is an imperial province, meaning that its governor (legatus Augusti) is directly appointed by the emperor.

During the latter first century, the province also incorporate the regions of Pontus and Armenia Minor.