The Theme of Bulgaria is a province of the Byzantine Empire established by Emperor Basil II after the victory over Samuel of Bulgaria (997-1014) and the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018.

It is based on the wider regions of Skopje and Ohrid.

Its capital is Skopje and it is governed by a strategos.

Two main rebellions take place in the region, the Uprising of Peter Delyan (1040-1041) and the Uprising of Georgi Voiteh (1072).

After 150 years the Bulgarian Empire is restored, with the Rebellion of the brothers Peter and Asen in 1185