Botai Culture, termed Eneolithic (c. 3700-3100 BCE), is named for the settlement of Botai in the Aqmola Province of Kazakhstan.

The Botai culture has two other large sites: Krasnyi Yar and Vasilkovka.The site of Botai is located on the Iman-Burluk River, a tributary of the Ishim River.

The site has at least 153 pithouses.

The settlement was partly destroyed by the steeply eroding river bank which is still occurring and by management of the wooded area.

he occupations of the Botai people were connected to their horses.

Many researchers state that horses were domesticated here by "Botai" people.

It was once thought that most of the horses used were probably the wild species, Equus ferus, hunted with bows and arrows and harpoons.

However, discoveries reported in 2009 of evidence for pottery containing mare's milk and of horse bones with telltale signs of being bred after domestication have demonstrated a much stronger case for the Botai culture as a major user of domestic horses by about 3,500 BCE., close to 1,000 years earlier than the previous scientific consensus.

This does not necessarily mean they were the first to domesticate horses, but makes them the earlier known candidate.