The Kingdom of Bosnia is a medieval kingdom that evolves from the Banate of Bosnia (1154–1377).

Bosnia had enjoyed de facto independence in the thirteenth and fourtenth centuries despite nominal subjection to Hungary.

Its difficult terrain and remoteness enabled the Bosnians to maneuver between their two powerful neighbors, Hungary and Serbia, usually managing to avoid subordination to either.

Several capable rulers allow Bosnia briefly to play the role of a great power in the fourteenth century.

After 1290, Bosnia enjoys virtual independence from Hungary and gains significant territory in Dalmatia at Serbia's expense.

King Tvrtko I (reigned 1353–91) acquires portions of western Serbia and most of the Adriatic coast south of the Neretva river, and during the latter part of his reign, Bosnia briefly becomes the strongest nation in the Balkans peninsula.

However, local separatism remains strong in Bosnia, and after his death the country loses its predominance.

The Ottoman Empire annexes portions of eastern Bosnia in the 1440s and 1450s, and goes on to conquer Herzegovina until the last fortress falls in 1481.