The Bengal Sultanate refers to the reign of five short-lived independent Muslim dynasties in Bengal, the eastern deltaic region of the Indian subcontinent, during the Middle Ages.

The first Sultan is Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, who declares independence from the Delhi Sultanate in 1338 and proclaimed himself as the independent Sultan of Bengal in Sonargaon.

Over the course of the next three centuries, rulers of Turkic, Persian, Bengali, Arab, Abyssinian and Afghan origins rule the sultanate.The sultanate begins to disintegrate after the fall of the Hussain Shahi dynasty in the 16th-century, and is absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1576.