The Archduchy of Austria (German: Erzherzogtum Österreich), one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, is the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire.

Over nearly 700 years, it evolves from a margraviate to the center of an empire.

With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy is centered in the area of the current Austrian federal state of Lower Austria and includes most of what is now Upper Austria as well.