Assyria finally succumbs to a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, Scythians, and others at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BCE, and the sacking of its last capital, Harran, in 608 BCE.

More than half a century later, Babylonia and Assyria become provinces of the Persian Empire.

Though the Assyrians during the reign of Ashurbanipal destroy the Elamite civilization, the Assyrians' culture does influence the succeeding empires of the Medes and the Persians, Indo-Iranian peoples who had been dominated by Assyria.