Arzawa in the second half of the second millennium BCE (roughly from late 15th century until the beginning of the 12th century) is the name of a region and a political entity (a "kingdom" or a federation of local powers) in Western Anatolia, likely to have extended along southern Anatolia in a belt reaching from near the Turkish Lakes Region all the way to the Aegean coast.

A central part of Arzawa is later to become known as Lydia.Arzawa is the western neighbor, sometimes a rival and sometimes a vassal of the Middle and New Hittite Kingdoms.

It is also possibly associated with the much more obscure Assuwa league generally located to its north - it probably borders it, and may even be an alternative term for it (at least during some periods).