Anshan falls under Persian Achaemenid rule in the 7th century BCE, having been captured by Teispes (675–640 BCE), who styles himself "King of the city of Anshan".

For another century during the period of Elamite decline, Anshan is a minor kingdom, until the Achaemenids in the 6th century BCE embark on a series of conquests from Anshan, which becomes the nucleus of the Persian Empire.

The most famous conqueror who rises from Anshan is Cyrus the Great.