Anhalt-Dessau is a principality and later a duchy located in Germany.

It is created in 1396 following the partition of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

The capital of the state is Dessau.

Anhalt-Dessau experiences a number of partitions throughout its existence with Anhalt-Köthen being created in 1471.

The principality is partitioned for a second time in 1544 with Anhalt-Zerbst and Anhalt-Plötzkau being created.

From 1561 until 1603 Anhalt-Dessau is under the rule of the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and in 1603 Anhalt-Dessau is recreated, being raised to a duchy in 1807.