Two years after the establishment, in December 1922, of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) politicians directed by the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) had created the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, one of several ethnically designated territories within the Union.

The authorities had soon granted the Uzbek S.S.R.

the formal status of constituent republic of the USSR At first, it includes what is now Tajikistan, but this region had been detached and had become a separate union republic in 1929.

In 1930, Tashkent replaces Samarkand as the capital.