Faisal rules until 1865, lending some stability to Arabia.

Upon his death, however, fighting starts again, and his three sons—Abd Allah, Abd ar Rahman, and Saud—as well as some of Saud's sons each hold Riyadh on separate occasions.

The political structure of Arabia is such that each leader has to win the support of various tribes and towns to conduct a campaign.

In this way, alliances are constantly formed and reformed, and the more often this occurs, the more unstable the situation becomes.