…Tuban, for the first time become important centers of trade.

Although there are few surviving archaeological remains dating from his time, Airlangga is known to have been a keen patron of the arts, notably literature.

In 1035, the court poet Mpu Kanwa composes the Kakawin Arjunawiwaha, which is adapted from the Mahabharata epic.

This text tells the story of Arjuna, an incarnation of Indra, but is also an allegory for Airlangga's own life, the tale of which is illustrated in the Belahan Temple on the flanks of Mount Penanggungan, where he was portrayed in stone as Vishnu on Garuda.