The Greek army has met mostly with success through 1921, but Kemal has retreated skillfully to avoid major defeat.

Constantine himself has visited the front line, and his younger brother George remains there as a member of the high command.

However, Greece is now increasingly isolated from its wartime allies.

Britain and the United States urge caution and offer to mediate a solution.

France and Italy openly supply arms to the Turks.

When Britain and the United States withdraw loans to protest hostilities, Greece's cash resources, and soon ammunition and supplies, are seriously depleted.

Internally, the Greek army is fraught with divisions between Venizelists and royalists.