The Young Man with an Apple, a 1505 painting by Raphael made during the artist's Florentine period, is is often thought to be the portrait of Francesco Maria I Della Rovere, future Italian condottiero who will become Duke of Urbino from 1508 until 1538. (The portrait is housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.)

Leonardo has paints the “Mona Lisa,” also known as “La Gioconda,” a portrait of the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, between 1503 and 1505. v(The subject’s enigmatic expression, at once alluring and aloof, will give the portrait enduring universal fame.)

La Gioconda, dressed in the Florentine fashion of her day, is seated in a visionary, mountainous landscape and remarkably rendered in Leonardo's “sfumato” technique of soft, heavily shaded modeling.

Leonardo on June 6, 1505 (according to his recently discovered Madrid notebooks), to execute the ferocious Battle of Anghiari for the Great Hall of the Palazzo Vecchio.

The mural deteriorates almost immediately because of faulty technique, however, and Leonardo abandons it (knowledge of this work comes from Leonardo's preparatory sketches and from several copies).