The Utrecht works made by Baburen between 1621 and 1624, the final years of his career, merge the visual characteristics learned from Caravaggio and Manfredi into genre, mythological and history painting.

Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), for example, adapts Caravaggio's upside-down figure of St. Paul from the Conversion of St. Paul (Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome) for the position of the fallen Prometheus, who was punished for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to mortals.