An Ottoman army had remained in Egypt after the French left the country.

The Ottoman government is determined to prevent a revival of Mamluk power and autonomy and to bring Egypt under the control of the central government.

The Ottomans appoint Husrev Pasha as viceroy.

Hostilities occasionally break out between his forces and those of the Mamluks who have established themselves in Upper Egypt.

It is apparent by 1803 that a third party has emerged in the struggle for power in Egypt.

This is the Albanian contingent of Ottoman forces that had come in 1801 to fight against the French.

Muhammad Ali, who had arrived in Egypt as a junior commander in the Albanian forces, has by 1803 risen to commander.

He will become he Ottoman viceroy in Egypt in just two short years.