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Group: Umm al-Qaywayn, or Umm al-Quwain, Emirate of
Topic: Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Location: Soissons Picardie France

Rome sanctions two crusades in about 1240 …

Years: 1108 - 1251
Rome sanctions two crusades in about 1240 in an effort to push the frontier of Latin Christianity eastward.

Swedish crusaders first invade Russia along the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, but they are halted in 1240 on the banks of the Neva River by Prince Alexander of Novgorod, who thereby earns the name Alexander Nevsky ("of the Neva").

The second crusade, spearheaded by the Teutonic Knights, follows the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland and is defeated by Alexander Nevsky in 1242 on the ice of Lake Peipus.
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North Europe (1108 - 1251)
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Northeast Europe (1108 - 1251)