The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London, signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on March 17, 1824, is to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.

It is signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the UK, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.

Designed to solve many of the issues that had arisen due to the British occupation of Dutch properties during the Napoleonic Wars, as well as issues regarding the rights to trade that existed for hundreds of years in the Spice Islands between the two nations, the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 addresses a wide array of issues and does not clearly describe the limitations of expansion by either side in the Malay world.

The British establishment of Singapore on the Malay Peninsula in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles had exacerbated the tension between the two nations, especially as the Dutch claim that the treaty signed between Raffles and the Sultan of Johore is invalid, and that the Sultanate of Johore is under the Dutch sphere of influence.

The questions surrounding the fate of Dutch trading rights in British India and formerly Dutch possessions in the area also have become a point of contention between Calcutta and Batavia.

In 1820, under pressures from British merchants with interests in the Far East, negotiations to clarify the situation in Southeast Asia had begun.

Negotiations between Canning and Fagel started on July 20, 1820.

The Dutch are adamant on the British abandonment of Singapore.

Indeed, Canning is unsure of the exact circumstances under which Singapore had been acquired, and at first, only non-controversial issues such as free-navigation rights and the elimination of piracy were agreed upon.

Discussions on the subject were suspended on August 5, 1820, and did not resume until 1823, by which time the commercial value of Singapore was well-recognized by the British.

The negotiations resumed on December 15, 1823, by which time the discussion had become centered around the establishment of clear spheres of influence in the region.

The Dutch, realizing that the growth of Singapore cannot be curbed, press for an exchange in which they abandon their claims north of the Strait of Malacca and its Indian colonies in exchange for the confirmation of their claims south of the strait, including the British colony of Bencoolen, a British possession in Sumatra based in the area of what is now Bengkulu City.

The British East India Company (EIC) had established a presence there in 1685, and in 1714 the EIC built Fort Marlborough there.

Originally a Presidency within British India, in 1785 it was downgraded to Bencoolen Residency and placed under the Bengal Presidency.

On October 15, 1817, Stamford Raffles had been appointed Governor-General of Bencoolen.

During his time as Governor-General, Raffles had  enacted major reforms, including the abolition of slavery, as well as creating Singapore to provide a new trading port in the region.

In 1823, Singapore had been removed from the control of Bencoolen.

The final treaty is signed on March 23, 1824 by Fagel and Canning.