From Guanajuato, the independence forces march on to Mexico City after having captured Zacatecas, San Luis Potosf, and Valladolid.

They encounter resistance at Monte de las Cruces on October 30, 1810, and, despite a rebel victory, lose momentum and do not take Mexico City.

After a few more victories, the revolutionary forces move north toward Texas.

The insurgents are ambushed in March of the following year and taken prisoner in Monclova (in the present-day state of Coahuila).

Hidalgo is tried as a priest by the Holy Office of the Inquisition and found guilty of heresy and treason.

He is later condemned to death.

Hidalgo is executed by firing squad on July 31, 1811.

His body is mutilated, and his head is displayed in Guanajuato as a warning to other would-be insur- gents.