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The Persians had decided to take back …

Years: 636 - 636

January

The Persians had decided to take back their lost territory as soon as Khalid had left Mesopotamia with half his army of nine thousand soldiers.

The Muslim army is forced to leave the conquered areas and concentrate on the border areas.

Umar immediately sends reinforcements to aid Misna ibn Haris in Mesopotamia under the command of Abu Ubaid al Saqafi.

The Persian forces had defeated by Ubaid in the Battle of Bridge, but, later Persian forces had been defeated by Misnah bin Harisah in the Battle of Baiyoub.

In 635, Yazdgerd III had sought alliance with Heraclius, who marries his daughter (according to traditions, his granddaughter) to Yazdegerd III, an old Roman tradition to show alliance.

While Heraclius prepares for a major offense in the Levant, Yazdegerd, meanwhile, orders the concentration of massive armies to pull back the Muslims from Mesopotamia for good.

The goal is well-coordinated attacks by both emperors, Heraclius in the Levant and Yazdegerd in Mesopotamia, to annihilate the power of their common enemy Caliph Umar.

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Ctesiphon Iraq

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The Near and Middle East

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Middle East