The Carni are usually considered a Gaulish tribe, although some associate them with the Venetic peoples, a group closely related to but probably distinct from the Celts.

Their area of settlement isn't known with precision.

Strabo confines them to the mountains, while Ptolemy assigns them two cities near the Adriatic coast.

They are likely eponymous of the regions of Carnia, Carniola and Carinthia.

The first historical date related to the arrival of the Carni is 186 BCE, when some fifty thousand Carni, composed of armed men, women and children, descend from the northeast corner of transpadane Italy towards the plains (in which they previously used to winter) and on a hill they establish a stable defensive settlement, Akileja, situated at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about ten kilometers from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern Natissa).

The bacchanalia, the wild and mystic festivals of the Roman and Greek god Bacchus introduced into Rome from lower Italy by way of Etruria around 200 BCE, were originally held in secret and only attended by women.

The festivals occurred on three days of the year in the grove of Simila near the Aventine Hill, on March 16 and March 17.

Later, admission to the rites was extended to men and celebrations took place five times a month.

According to Livy, the extension happened in an era when the leader of the Bacchus cult was Paculla Annia—though it is now believed that some men had participated before that.

Livy informs us that the rapid spread of the cult, which he claims indulged in all kinds of crimes and political conspiracies at its nocturnal meetings, led in 186 BCE to a decree of the Senate—the so-called Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, inscribed on a bronze tablet discovered in 1640 in Apulia in Southern Italy, now at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna—by which the Bacchanalia were prohibited throughout all Italy except in certain special cases which must be approved specifically by the Senate.

In spite of the severe punishment inflicted on those found in violation of this decree (Livy claims there were more executions than imprisonment), the Bacchanalia would survive in southern Italy long past the repression.

Modern scholars hold Livy's account in doubt and believe that the Senate acted against the Bacchants for one or more of three reasons.

First, because women occupied leadership positions in the cult (contrary to traditional Roman family values).

Second, because slaves and the poor were the cult's members and were planning to overthrow the Roman government.

Or third, according to a theory proposed by Erich Gruen, as a display of the Senate's supreme power to the Italian allies as well as competitors within the Roman political system, such as individual victorious generals whose popularity made them a threat to the senate's collective authority.

Bathhouses in India now exist in palaces, monasteries, and the houses of the wealthy.

Each bathhouse features a dressing room, a steam room with stone benches arranged around a fireplace, a cool basement room for relaxing, and a swimming pool for finishing the bath.

Mauryan territories, centered around the capital of Pataliputra, had shrunk considerably from the time of the great Emperor Ashoka when Brihadratha came to the throne in 192 BCE.

The Yuga Purana section of the Gargi Samhita says that the Yavana (Greco-Bactrian) army led by King Dhamamita (Demetrius) invaded the Mauryan territories during Brihadratha's reign and after occupying Panchala region and the cities of Saketa and Mathura, they finally captured Pataliputra.

But soon they had to leave to Bactria to fight a fierce battle (probably between Eucratides and Demetrius).

The seventh century CE historian Banabhatta relates in his Harshacharita that the king’s principlal senapati (general), Pusyamitra Sunga, while parading the entire Mauryan army before Brihadratha on the pretext of showing him the strength of the army, crushed his master because he was too weak to keep his promise (probably to repulse the Yavanas).

Pusyamitra now ascends the throne, becoming the ruler of Magadha and neighboring territories.

The kingdom of Pushyamitra is extended up to Narmada in the south, and controls Jalandhar and Sialkot in the Punjab in the northwestern regions, and the city of Ujjain in central India.

With the demise of the Mauryas, the Kabul Valley and much of the Punjab soon passes into the hands of the Indo-Greeks and the Deccan to the Satavahanas.

Ankmachis is the second Pharaoh of the rebel Thirty-fifth dynasty, which controls much of Lower Egypt during the reigns of Ptolemies IV and V. Believed to be the son of Harmachis, who had declared independence around 205 BCE, his rule had begun in approximately 199.

He had held Lykopolis in 197 but was later forced to withdraw to Thebes.

The civil war between the northern and southern areas of Egypt ends with the arrest of Ankmachis by the Ptolemaic general Conanus, but the underlying grievances continue and there will be riots again later in the dynasty.

Cato has established a reputation as a critic of many prominent Romans, especially Scipio Africanus Major, a Roman diplomat and general in the Second Punic War best known for defeating Hannibal of Carthage.

Scipio’s unorthodox career, popularity, and attraction to Greek culture of had opened him to attacks by Cato and other prominent conservatives, who now accuse Scipio and his brother Lucius of having received bribes from the late Seleucid king Antiochus III.

Scipio defies his accusers, reminds the Romans of their debt to him, and retires to his country house at Liternum in Campania.

However, Cato is successful in breaking the political influence of the brothers.

The Roman Senate reasserts its own terms in 184 BCE for settlement of the dispute between Sparta and the Achaean League but is circumvented by Philopoemen, who reaches a separate agreement with the Spartans.

The Romans establish the town of Pisaurum as a colony in the territory of the Piceni, a tribe living in the Marche on the Adriatic.

The northern Piceni had been invaded in the fourth century BCE by the Senones Gauls, and when the Romans reached the area the population was a mix of the two races.

Within it the Gauls at least were still distinct, as the Romans separated them out and expelled them from the country.

Cato finally becomes censor, with his colleague Flaccus, in 184.

Already the champion of the ancient, austere Roman way of life, Cato now inaugurates a puritanical campaign.

He aims at preserving the mos majorum ("ancestral custom") and combating all Greek influences, which he believes are undermining the older Roman standards of morality.

He passes measures taxing luxury and strictly revises the list of persons eligible for the Senate.

Abuses by tax gatherers are brought under control, and public building is promoted as a worthy cause.

He orders the construction of the Basilica Porcia, a large, oblong building adjoining the forum. (The name is derived from the Greek Basilike, meaning royal, but this basilica is the earliest known. The architectural form proves so useful that others will soon built throughout the Roman world, usually adjoining the forum or agora of a town.)

Roman dramatist Titus Maccius Plautus, commonly known as Plautus, whose comedies are among the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature, is also one of the earliest pioneers of musical theater.

Playwrights throughout history would look to Plautus for character, plot, humor, and other elements of comedy.

His influence ranges from similarities in idea to full literal translations woven into plays.

The playwright’s apparent familiarity with the absurdity of humanity and both the comedy and tragedy that stem from this absurdity have inspired succeeding playwrights centuries after his death in 184.

The most famous of these successors is Shakespeare—Plautus had a major influence on the Bard’s early comedies.

With concerns rising in Rome over whether Philip V of Macedon is preparing for a new war with the Romans, Appius Claudius Pulcher is sent at the head of an embassy into Macedonia and Greece to observe Philip's activities.

The Roman Senate reasserts its own terms in 184 for settlement of the dispute between Sparta and the Achaean League.

The Romans, by unknown means, finally put themselves in a position to demand the surrender of Hannibal when Roman diplomat Titus Quinctius Flamininus is sent to the court of Prusias of Bithynia, to demand the surrender of the former Carthaginian diplomat and general Hannibal.

When Hannibal finds out that Prusias is about to agree to the Roman demands and thus betray him, and unable this time to escape, he poisons himself in the Bithynian village of Libyssa.

The year is uncertain but is probably 183.

Pontus gradually has asserted itself among the petty Hellenistic states of Anatolia in the third and early second centuries BCE; Pharnaces, fifth king of Pontus, the son of Mithridates III, who he succeeded on the throne, succeeds in reducing Antiochus, …