The Mongol invasions of the late thirteenth century had been a drain on Japan’s economy, and new taxes had had to be levied to maintain defensive preparations for the future.

The invasions had also caused disaffection among those who expected recompense for their help in defeating the Mongols.

There were no lands or other rewards to be given, however, and such disaffection, combined with overextension and the increasing defense costs, has led to a decline of the Kamakura bakufu.

Additionally, inheritances have divided family properties, and landowners increasingly have to turn to moneylenders for support.

Roving bands of ronin further threaten the stability of the shogunate.

The dominant Hōjō clan that controls the shogunate has reacted to the ensuing chaos by trying to place more power among the various great family clans.

To further weaken the Kyoto court, the bakufu has decided to allow two contending imperial lines—known as the Southern Court or junior line and the Northern Court or senior line—to alternate on the throne.