The Middle East: 160–171 CE

Montanism and the Rise of Apocalyptic Fervor

The era from 160 to 171 CE witnesses the emergence of a significant religious movement within Christianity known as Montanism. Originating in Phrygia, Montanus, aided by two influential women—Maximilla and Priscilla (Prisca)—establishes an apocalyptic sect characterized by intense religious enthusiasm and strict moral rigor.

The Montanists preach the imminent end of the world, advocating an austere lifestyle marked by severe penitential discipline. They notably prohibit second marriages, deny the divine authority of the established Church hierarchy, and refuse forgiveness for sins committed after baptism. Montanus emphasizes that divine revelation and prophecy have not ceased with the death of Jesus, asserting that he and his followers embody a renewal of early Christian prophetic fervor.

Threatened by the rapidly spreading appeal of Montanism and its challenge to ecclesiastical authority, the established Church reacts strongly. Many Montanists face excommunication as Church leaders seek to suppress the movement, viewing its teachings as dangerously heretical and disruptive to the unity and doctrine of mainstream Christianity. Despite this official resistance, Montanism's influence persists, reflecting broader tensions within the early Christian community regarding authority, prophecy, and the nature of spiritual revelation.