The majority of Hungarians continue to choose to stay in Transylvania rather than emigrate to Hungary, so that in 1930 they form 31 percent of the population of the province.

Nonetheless, they strive to preserve their ethnic and cultural distinctiveness and resist integration into Greater Romanian society.

The Romanian government—and Romanians generally—remain wary of Hungarian irredentism, the center of which, they are certain, is Budapest, and they reject demands from the Hungarians in Transylvania for political autonomy.

The German-speaking Saxons, 7.7 percent of the population of Transylvania in 1930, are also anxious to maintain their ethnic separateness in the face of Romanian nation building, and to a certain extent, they succeed at the local level.

The Jewish community, 4.2 percent of the country's population in 1930, is subject to discrimination, as anti-Jewish sentiments can be found in all social classes (although acts of violence will remain rare until the outbreak of the Second World War).