Two nobles fight each other for Louis’s vacant throne, ravaging several provinces in Greater Poland with their forces.

In 1383, Louis’s younger surviving daughter, the fourteen-year-old Jadwiga (Hedwig), is finally chosen for the throne with the stipulation that she wed a prince selected by the Polish people.

As Jadwiga is a minor, her mother accepts the throne for her but names one of the two feuding nobles as regent for the duration of her minority.

Infuriated Poles reject the regency, but continue to support Jadwiga.

Ghiyas-uddin Pir 'Ali had been made Timur's vassal, until he supported a rebellion in 1382 by the maliks of Herat.

Ghiyas-uddin Pir 'Ali and his family are executed around 1383, and Timur's son Miran Shah destroys the revolt.

This same year, a new uprising led by a Shaikh Da'ud-i Khitatai in Isfizar, to the west of Herat, is quickly put down by Miran Shah.

John VI Kantakouzenos, emperor in Constantinople from 1347 until his deposition in 1354, had retired to a monastery (where he had assumed the name of Joasaph Christodoulos), and has since occupied himself in literary labors.

Now an eighty-eight-year-old monk, he dies in the Peloponnese on June 15, 1383, and is buried by his sons at Mistra in Laconia, leaving a history of his own times, in which he defends his role as rebel and usurper.

His History in four books, dealing with the years 1320 – 1356, needs to be read with caution; fortunately it can be supplemented and corrected by the work of a contemporary, Nikephoros Gregoras.

The Navarrese Company has governed Achaea for the past two or three years, and often hired itself out to the Hospital.

James of Baux having succeeded to the imperial title of Constantinople, the Navarrese leaders have received imperial titles for upholding his rights in Achaea.

When James dies in 1383, the Navarrese are the reigning power in Frankish Greece and it falls to them the responsibility of reorganizing the state and securing a new prince.

While the Navarrese refuse to recognize the heirs of James without proof, which is too costly to provide, they remain in power in Achaea.

Urban leads an expedition against Charles in 1383, during which the pope is captured and imprisoned.

…Portalegre, and …

...

Ibn Khaldun becomes a judge and a prominent teacher of Islamic law in Egypt.

His Kitab al-'Ibar (Universal History) is a valuable source for the history of North Africa, but the celebrated introduction to the work, the “Muqaddimah,” is a brilliant exposition of the methodological and cultural knowledge necessary to produce a scientific history.

Interested primarily in the reasons for the rise and fall of human civilization, Ibn Khaldun argues that the basic causes of historical evolution are to be sought in the economic and social structure of society.

...Estremoz, and ...

The 1383–1385 Crisis: Portugal’s Fight for Independence

The Third Fernandine War (1381–1382) marked Ferdinand I of Portugal’s last attempt—again with John of Gaunt’s support—to challenge Castilian authority. However, his campaign against King John I of Castile ended in another failure, and his dynastic strategy created deep divisions within Portugal.

The Marriage of Beatrice and the Threat to Portuguese Independence (1383)

• In May 1383, Beatrice of Portugal, Ferdinand’s only daughter and heir, was married to John I of Castile.
• This marriage effectively united Portugal and Castile under the Trastámara dynasty, leading to fears that Portugal would lose its independence.
• Many Portuguese nobles opposed this union, but they were divided between two rival pretenders:
  1. John of Portugal, son of Peter I and Inês de Castro, who lived in Castile.
  2. João, Grand Master of the Order of Aviz, an illegitimate son of Peter I by Teresa Lourenço, who was popular among the Portuguese nobility and middle class.

The Death of Ferdinand and the Regency of Leonor Teles (October 22, 1383)

• Ferdinand I died at the age of 38 on October 22, 1383, leaving no male heir.
• As per the marriage treaty, his widow, Leonor Teles de Meneses, assumed regency for Beatrice, ruling alongside her lover, João Fernandes de Andeiro, a Castilian count.
• This arrangement angered both the nobility and the lower classes, who saw it as a betrayal of Portugal’s sovereignty.

The 1383–1385 Crisis Begins: João of Aviz Takes Action

• In December 1383, João of Aviz led a group of conspirators and assassinated João Fernandes de Andeiro, marking the first act of open rebellion.
• With Nuno Álvares Pereira, a brilliant general, as his military commander, João took control of Lisbon, ...