The Catholic League’s two armies have united …
Years: 1620 - 1620
November
The Catholic League’s two armies have united and moved north into Bohemia, where on November 8, 1620, Tilly decisively defeats Elector Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, (to which Bethlen had sent three thousand troops, which had arrived too late).
Half of Frederick’s forces are killed or captured, Tilly losing only seven hundred men.
The Emperor regains control over Bohemia, ending the first stage of the League's activity during the Thirty Years War.
In addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia is to remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years.
This defeat leads to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick's holdings.
Frederick is outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire and his territories, the Rhenish Palatinate, are given to Catholic nobles.
His title of elector of the Palatinate is given to his distant cousin Duke Maximilian of Bavaria.
Frederick, now landless, is to make himself a prominent exile abroad in attempts to curry support for his cause in Sweden, Netherlands and Denmark.
This is a serious blow to Protestant ambitions in the region.
As the rebellion collapses, the widespread confiscation of property and suppression of the Bohemian nobility ensures that the country will return to the Catholic side after more than two centuries of Hussite and other religious dissent.
The Spanish, seeking to outflank the Dutch in preparation for renewal of the Eighty Years' War, take Frederick's lands, the Rhine Palatinate.
Locations
People
- Ferdinand II
- Frederick V, Elector Palatine
- Gabriel Bethlen
- Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
- Maximillian I Wittelsbach
Groups
- Passau, Bishopric of
- Eichstätt, Prince-Bishopric of
- Mainz, Electoral Archbishopric of
- Augsburg, Prince-Bishopric of
- Speyer, Prince-Bishopric of
- Christians, Roman Catholic
- Constance, Bishopric of
- Austria, Archduchy of
- Würzburg, Bishopric of
- Trier, Electoral Archbishop of
- Ulm, Free Imperial City of
- Bohemia, Kingdom of
- Kempten in the Allgäu, Imperial Ducal Abbey (Free City) of
- Nuremberg, Free Imperial City of
- Strasbourg, Imperial Free City of
- Salzburg, Archbishopric of
- Cologne, Electorate of
- Palatinate, Electoral (Wittelsbach)
- Saxony, Electorate of
- Worms, Bishopric of
- Brandenburg, (Hohenzollern) Margravate of
- Württemberg, Duchy of
- Regensburg (Ratisbon), Imperial Free City of
- Palatinate-Neuburg
- Bavaria, Wittelsbach Duchy of
- Baden-Durlach, Margravate of
- Protestantism
- Hungary, Royal
- Spain, Habsburg Kingdom of
- Hungary, Kingdom of
- Transylvania (Ottoman vassal), Principality of
- Baden-Rodenheim, Margravate of
- Netherlands, Southern (Spanish)
- Anhalt-Köthen, Principality of
- Anhalt-Plotzkau, Principality of
- Anhalt-Dessau, Principality of
- Anhalt-Zerbst, Principality of
- Anhalt-Bernburg, Principality of
- Protestant League (League of Evangelical Union)
- Catholic League, the (German)
- Habsburg Monarchy, or Empire
Topics
- Protestant Reformation
- Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival)
- Eighty Years War (Netherlands, or Dutch, War of Independence)
- Bohemian-Palatine War
- Thirty Years' War
- White Mountain, Battle of
Commodoties
Subjects
Regions
Subregions
Years: 1620 - 1620
November
Locations
People
- Ferdinand II
- Frederick V, Elector Palatine
- Gabriel Bethlen
- Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
- Maximillian I Wittelsbach
Groups
- Passau, Bishopric of
- Eichstätt, Prince-Bishopric of
- Mainz, Electoral Archbishopric of
- Augsburg, Prince-Bishopric of
- Speyer, Prince-Bishopric of
- Christians, Roman Catholic
- Constance, Bishopric of
- Austria, Archduchy of
- Würzburg, Bishopric of
- Trier, Electoral Archbishop of
- Ulm, Free Imperial City of
- Bohemia, Kingdom of
- Kempten in the Allgäu, Imperial Ducal Abbey (Free City) of
- Nuremberg, Free Imperial City of
- Strasbourg, Imperial Free City of
- Salzburg, Archbishopric of
- Cologne, Electorate of
- Palatinate, Electoral (Wittelsbach)
- Saxony, Electorate of
- Worms, Bishopric of
- Brandenburg, (Hohenzollern) Margravate of
- Württemberg, Duchy of
- Regensburg (Ratisbon), Imperial Free City of
- Palatinate-Neuburg
- Bavaria, Wittelsbach Duchy of
- Baden-Durlach, Margravate of
- Protestantism
- Hungary, Royal
- Spain, Habsburg Kingdom of
- Hungary, Kingdom of
- Transylvania (Ottoman vassal), Principality of
- Baden-Rodenheim, Margravate of
- Netherlands, Southern (Spanish)
- Anhalt-Köthen, Principality of
- Anhalt-Plotzkau, Principality of
- Anhalt-Dessau, Principality of
- Anhalt-Zerbst, Principality of
- Anhalt-Bernburg, Principality of
- Protestant League (League of Evangelical Union)
- Catholic League, the (German)
- Habsburg Monarchy, or Empire
Topics
- Protestant Reformation
- Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival)
- Eighty Years War (Netherlands, or Dutch, War of Independence)
- Bohemian-Palatine War
- Thirty Years' War
- White Mountain, Battle of
Commodoties
Subjects
Regions
Subregions