The last Soviet soldier leaves Afghanistan on February 15, 1989.

The civil war continues, despite predictions of an early collapse of the Najibullah government upon the withdrawal of the Soviets.

The mujahideen form an interim government in Pakistan and steadfastly resist efforts of reconciliation by Najibullah.

On November 14, Afghan government troops repulse a three-pronged attack launched on Jalalabad by the mujahideen.

Najibullah declares a state of emergency based on claims that Pakistan and the US have violated the Geneva Accords.

On December 31, Najibullah calls for the PDPA to change its name.